-
(video)
In human anatomy, the biceps brachii, or simply biceps in common parlance, is, as the name implies, a two-headed muscle. The biceps lies on the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow. Both heads arise on the scapula and join to form a single muscle belly which is attached to the upper forearm. While the biceps crosses both the shoulder and elbow joints, its main function is at the latter where it flexes the elbow andsupinates the forearm. Both these movements are used when opening a bottle with a corkscrew: first biceps unscrews the cork (supination), then it pulls the cork out (flexion).
The term biceps brachii is a Latin phrase meaning "two-headed [muscle] of the arm", in reference to the fact that the muscle consists of two bundles of muscle, each with its own origin, sharing a common insertion point near the elbow joint. The proper plural form of the Latin adjectivebiceps is bicipites, a form not in general English use. Instead, biceps is used in both singular and plural (i.e., when referring to both arms).
The English form bicep [sic], attested from 1939, is a back formation derived from interpreting the s of biceps as the English plural marker -s.[2][3]While common even in professional contexts, it is often considered incorrect.[4]
The biceps brachii muscle is the one that gave all muscles their name: it comes from the Latin musculus, "little mouse", because the appearance of the flexed biceps resembles the back of a mouse. The same phenomenon occurred in Greek, in which μῦς, mȳs, means both "mouse" and "muscle".
Training
The biceps can be strengthened using weight and resistance training. Examples of well known biceps exercises are the chin-up, biceps curl and cable curl.
To isolate the biceps brachii in elbow flexion, place the shoulder in hyperextension
Pathology
The proximal tendons of the bicep brachii are commonly involved in pathological processes and are a frequent cause of anterior shoulder pain.[13] Disorders of the distal biceps brachii tendon typically result from partial and complete tears of the muscle. Partial tears are usually characterized by enlargement and abnormal contour of the tendon.[14] In complete tears, discontinuity exists, and if the bicipital aponeurosis is also disrupted, retraction called a "Popeye's deformity" sign. Tears of the biceps brachii occur in athletic activities and corrective surgery repairs biceps brachii tendon tears. Proximal ruptures of the long head of the biceps tendon can be surgically repaired by two different techniques. Bicep tenodesis is resurfacing the tendon by screw fixation on the humerus and bicep tenotomy is trimming the long head of the biceps tendon promoting the muscle origination from the coracoid process.Preexisting degeneration in the tendon can cause partial tears called lesions and are rarely associated with a traumatic event. The most common symptom of a bicep tear is pain. It will be the most severe in the muscle, but may stretch to the shoulders and elbows as well. Treatment of a bicep tear depends on the severity of the injury. In most cases, the muscle will heal over time with no corrective surgery. Applying cold pressure and using anti-inflammatory medications will ease pain and reduce swelling. More severe injuries require surgery and post-op physical therapy to regain strength and functionality in the muscle. Corrective surgeries of this nature are typically reserved for elite athletes who rely on a complete recovery..
(video)
In human anatomy, the biceps brachii, or simply biceps in common parlance, is, as the name implies, a two-headed muscle. The biceps lies on the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow. Both heads arise on the scapula and join to form a single muscle belly which is attached to the upper forearm. While the biceps crosses both the shoulder and elbow joints, its main function is at the latter where it flexes the elbow andsupinates the forearm. Both these movements are used when opening a bottle with a corkscrew: first biceps unscrews the cork (supination), then it pulls the cork out (flexion).
The term biceps brachii is a Latin phrase meaning "two-headed [muscle] of the arm", in reference to the fact that the muscle consists of two bundles of muscle, each with its own origin, sharing a common insertion point near the elbow joint. The proper plural form of the Latin adjectivebiceps is bicipites, a form not in general English use. Instead, biceps is used in both singular and plural (i.e., when referring to both arms).
The English form bicep [sic], attested from 1939, is a back formation derived from interpreting the s of biceps as the English plural marker -s.[2][3]While common even in professional contexts, it is often considered incorrect.[4]
The biceps brachii muscle is the one that gave all muscles their name: it comes from the Latin musculus, "little mouse", because the appearance of the flexed biceps resembles the back of a mouse. The same phenomenon occurred in Greek, in which μῦς, mȳs, means both "mouse" and "muscle".
Training
The biceps can be strengthened using weight and resistance training. Examples of well known biceps exercises are the chin-up, biceps curl and cable curl.
To isolate the biceps brachii in elbow flexion, place the shoulder in hyperextension
Pathology
The proximal tendons of the bicep brachii are commonly involved in pathological processes and are a frequent cause of anterior shoulder pain.[13] Disorders of the distal biceps brachii tendon typically result from partial and complete tears of the muscle. Partial tears are usually characterized by enlargement and abnormal contour of the tendon.[14] In complete tears, discontinuity exists, and if the bicipital aponeurosis is also disrupted, retraction called a "Popeye's deformity" sign. Tears of the biceps brachii occur in athletic activities and corrective surgery repairs biceps brachii tendon tears. Proximal ruptures of the long head of the biceps tendon can be surgically repaired by two different techniques. Bicep tenodesis is resurfacing the tendon by screw fixation on the humerus and bicep tenotomy is trimming the long head of the biceps tendon promoting the muscle origination from the coracoid process.Preexisting degeneration in the tendon can cause partial tears called lesions and are rarely associated with a traumatic event. The most common symptom of a bicep tear is pain. It will be the most severe in the muscle, but may stretch to the shoulders and elbows as well. Treatment of a bicep tear depends on the severity of the injury. In most cases, the muscle will heal over time with no corrective surgery. Applying cold pressure and using anti-inflammatory medications will ease pain and reduce swelling. More severe injuries require surgery and post-op physical therapy to regain strength and functionality in the muscle. Corrective surgeries of this nature are typically reserved for elite athletes who rely on a complete recovery..
